Magnetom Vida, the new high-end 3-Tesla MRI scanner with BioMatrix
technology from Siemens Healthineers, was launched to the public at University Hospital Tübingen, where the first system is installed. It has been undergoing clinical tests in the hospital’s Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology since December 2016.

Magnetom Vida is the first scanner equipped with BioMatrix, a brand-new, innovative scanner technology that addresses inherent anatomical and physiological differences among individual patients, as well as variability among users. Magnetom Vida and BioMatrix allow users to meet the growing demand for MR imaging, perform the full range of routine as well as complex examinations, and deliver robust results for every patient. Furthermore, the scanner also makes MRI more cost-effective by reducing rescans and increasing productivity. High-precision imaging means that radiologists can deliver essential and robust information to choose the right treatment for each patient every time. Siemens Healthineers, in collaboration with its customers, is playing an important role in taking healthcare forward in the development of precision medicine.

Siemens Healthineers has been developing this disruptive and innovative BioMatrix technology for over five years. Its introduction represents a further advance in MRI imaging as well as the next level of automation and patient centricity.

High image quality and efficient workflows – regardless of user or patient
Due to high levels of exam variability, MRI is often considered to be one of the most complex medical imaging modalities. Physiological and anatomical differences between patients as well as different experiences levels in users contribute to this unwanted variability. This frequently is a source of errors, rescans, and inefficient workflows in MR imaging, making it all the more important that MRI scanners deliver reliable and reproducible image data irrespective of the patient being examined or the person operating the system. This issue is precisely addressed with the new BioMatrix technology.

BioMatrix sensors in the table automatically track a patient’s respiratory pattern, giving users insights into a patient’s individual ability to hold his or her breath during the scan. This allows the user to select the optimal exam strategy, while also saving time during the examination. BioMatrix tuners can help avoid rescans, which represent a major burden on productivity as well as a driver of additional costs in radiology. In cervical spine examinations, for example, this feature uses intelligent coil technology to automatically set the optimal scan parameters based on the individual patient anatomy, all without any additional user interaction. BioMatrix tuners also improve the quality and reproducibility of whole-body diffusion. Precise control of scan parameters in real-time to match the individual patient anatomy makes it possible to avoid distortions, which can render diffusion imaging non-diagnostic, especially in 3 Tesla MRI. Innovative interfaces also help ensure a consistently high examination quality, accelerating workflows, and improving quality of care. BioMatrix Interfaces accelerate the scanning process by up to 30 percent. Automated patient positioning based on intelligent body models automatically moves the patient table to the correct scan position. An intuitive touchscreen user interface integrated onto the scanner allows for one-touch positioning. A new, easy-to-move motorized patient table further simplifies examinations, especially for adipose, immobile, and trauma patients.

Magnetom Vida is the first system to be equipped with the new BioMatrix technology, designed to tackle the challenges of variability and thereby, reduce unwanted variability in MRI examinations. It will help users achieve fewer rescans, predictable scheduling, and consistent, high-quality personalized examination results.
The ability to provide consistent and reproducible quality regardless of the individual patient and user will help reduce rescans, which can be a great financial burden for healthcare institutions. As publications have shown, rescans can account for up to €100,000 per year and system in additional costs.

Professor Konstantin Nikolaou, Medical Director of the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at University Hospital Tübingen considers Magnetom Vida to be part of the general trend toward precision medicine: “To provide our patients with individual therapies, we need every piece of information available. When it comes to imaging, this means that we need robust, standardized, and reproducible image data that are always of the same quality regardless of the patient or user. Only then we can compare results and link them with additional information, such as data from laboratory medicine or genetics,” says Nikolaou, referring to the clinical validation of the new MRI scanner in his department. “Magnetom Vida gives us this data quality and comprehensive image information so that we can choose the right kind of personalized therapy and evaluate it – to see, for instance, how a patient responds to chemotherapy before tumour removal. This MRI scanner along with BioMatrix technology is the perfect fit for our current medical approaches, and is helping us on our way to quantitative radiology,” says Nikolaou.

Faster scans with very high patient comfort
Magnetom Vida has another major advantage: “We can examine sick patients faster with Magnetom Vida,” says Professor Mike Notohamiprodjo who, as head of MRI at University Hospital Tübingen, works intensively with the new scanner. “The scanner offers the highest degree of patient comfort with the performance of a research system, which speeds up our workflows,” he says. As examinations in Tübingen show, the new scanner decreases measurement times for musculoskeletal and prostate imaging compared to previous MRI systems. What is more, it does so with significantly improved image quality: “The signal-to-noise ratio in the clinical images is up to 30 percent higher than with systems from the previous generation,” says Notohamiprodjo.

While this is partly due to BioMatrix technology, it is also a result of the diverse insights that developers at Siemens Healthineers gathered from intense fundamental research and close customer collaborations. Key learnings from the development of a 7-Tesla research MRI system translated into a new 3-Tesla magnet design. Magnetom Vida’s all-new system architecture offers extremely high performance and unmet long-term stability – without requiring any more space than previous clinical systems. The new scanner’s 60/200 XT gradient system provides over 2.7 megawatts of power, making it the most powerful commercially available gradients in a 70-centimeter bore scanner. And, thanks to a very large field of view (55x55x50 cm), Magnetom Vida can also cover larger body regions in one step, such as full coverage abdominal exams.

The result is a great increase in productivity for routine examinations of the brain, spine, and joints – from correct patient positioning at the touch of a button to transferring the clinical images to the PACS archiving system. This is made possible by the GO technologies, which automate and simplify workflows from the start of the scan right through to the quality control of the image data. A new user interface allows not only for automated acquisition and processing, but also for more advanced post-processing applications to run at the scanner. With spine examinations, for instance, GO technologies reduce the time needed by about a fifth. This means that a department could carry out four additional spine examinations per day and per system. Given the decline in reimbursement rates, this is of great value to many radiological institutes.

Broader patient groups and new clinical growth areas
The system also allows customers to access additional clinical growth fields – for instance, by serving patient groups that were previously deemed unsuitable for MRI due to issues such as cardiac arrhythmias, excess weight, or health problems that prevent them from actively supporting the scan. With the introduction of Magnetom Vida, Siemens Healthineers expands its Compressed Sensing applications – which can make MRI scans up to ten times faster – to cover more body regions. It features Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine, which allows free-breathing cardiology examinations (even when using contrast medium for comprehensive tissue characterization). Now, Compressed Sensing Grasp-Vibe, which enables dynamic, free-breathing liver examinations in one comprehensive scan by the push of button and for every patient, is also available. Until today, in contrast, dynamic liver imaging required four steps with exhausting breath-holds and complex timing. Grasp-Vibe technology also makes the post-processing of liver images significantly faster. During the studies he carried out in Tübingen, Professor Notohamiprodjo found that post-processing times fell from 20 to just four minutes.

Magnetom Vida even simplifies whole-body scans, which are currently particularly challenging, because they have to cover multiple scan sections and demand highly trained users. A new special technology, the Whole-Body Dot Engine, allows these difficult scans to be carried out in predictable time slots, as short as 25 minutes, with very high quality. This is accomplished through intelligent automation. The planning and execution of the scan requires only a few simple clicks. Providing high-quality diffusion weighted imaging is important for whole body exams; Magnetom Vida, with its BioMatrix Tuner technology, can deliver this distortion-free. Combined also with its strong 60/200 gradients and a large homogeneous field of view, Magnetom Vida makes whole-body examinations simple to perform, reproducibly, and with very high-quality. This is a major advantage, particularly when treating oncology patients, such as those with multiple myeloma, where guidelines have recently been moving toward whole-body MRI scans for therapy control.

Magnetom Vida offers not only numerous clinical advances, but also a number of improvements in energy consumption. These help to lower the total cost of ownership of the system over its entire life-cycle. Technologies such as Eco-Power provide an intelligent control of power-hungry components by switching them off when they are not needed for longer periods of time. The result is a MR scanner that consumes 30 percent less energy than the industry average for 3-Tesla scanners, as reported by the European Coordination Committee of the radiological, electromedical and healthcare IT industry (COCIR). 

The march of healthcare technology is not always even. Benefits on one front can often be outweighed by problems on another. Radiology is no exception to this rule.
Like other medical professionals, radiologists have begun using portals and social media to connect to patients and join the move towards personal healthcare.

Websites and radiology
Today, websites staffed by imaging professionals seek to directly address the public about radiology. Such a trend is especially pronounced in the US. Examples include radiology Q&A portals at the University of Texas’ John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Northwest Radiology Consultants in Atlanta, Georgia, and a host of others. One of the best known is the RSNA/ACR public information website, RadiologyInfo.org, which offers a library of resources for patients including information on how various imaging procedures are performed. In Europe, the ESR has a Website page dedicated to ‘Radiation and Patients’ and an ‘Ask EuroSafe Imaging’ Q&A page, split into three sections (CT, interventional radiology and pediatric imaging), with answers provided by radiologists from across the continent.

Radiologists and social media
Radiologists have also sought to use social media to build and continuously strengthen interactive relationships with patients outside a formal hospital or physician office setting. Such approaches have spilt over into tackling concerns after widespread reports in the media about the ‘over-use’ of medical radiation. In the US, for example, the Health Physics Society has a site dedicated largely to addressing such risk perceptions in the general public. The UK too has seen such a step with the British Institute of Radiology and the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine endorsing Ask for Evidence, as part of which a panel of radiologists and medical physicists respond to questions from the public on radiation safety.

Technology versus patient downtime
These are clearly significant and laudable developments. Informed patients are increasingly regarded to be better patients by several physicians. However, other recent developments in technology, above all electronic medical/health records (EMR/EHR), are placing a growing burden on clinicians to update medical documentation, in order to facilitate real-time sharing and reduce errors. This results in less time for patient care.  A key driver here, in the US, consists of federal government meaningful use (MU) requirements, which provides physicians with financial incentives to use EHRs.
For radiologists, these incentives are hardly negligible and range from 44,000 to 63,750 dollars (39,000 to 56,735 Euros) over a 5-or 6-year period via Medicare and Medicaid, respectively.
On the other hand, MU also requires 10% of patients viewing, downloading or transmitting their electronic health information, with over 40% of all imaging scans to be made accessible via certified EHR technology.
The above requirements are hardly a testimonial to efficiency. One study on MU published by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in 2012 found that medical residents reported having to spend the bulk of their time updating charts and documentation, and that EHR adoption correlated directly to reduced time for direct patient care.

Radiology strives to remain at technology cutting edge
This is a profound challenge. Radiology has traditionally been the medical speciality at the cutting edge of technical advancement. It was radiology which first moved away from paper to digital technology. As a result, radiologists and industry are currently seeking to fast track solutions for increasing patient downtime and improving workflow.

Data use
In the first stage, the focus was on enhancing use of available data. Ironically, illustrating the unevenness and asynchronicity in the progress of technology, efforts were concentrated on getting more usable data out of electronic records, which did not always trickle down to radiologists. One reason was the lack of skills. Referring physicians often left responsibility to get approval for imaging to office staff, many of of who lacked the clinical knowledge required to seek such approval.

Automation: From CPOE to CDS
Soon after, the effort shifted to automation, especially in the shape of decision support (and so-called assistant clinical reasoning) tools. Such a process continues, with evolution from static to dynamic, patient-centred tools. A good example of this is the computerized order entry (CPOE) system. In 2012, a study in the ‘Journal of the American College of Radiology’ proved the clinical viability of combining radiology CPOE with imaging decision support, including pathways and algorithms, as well as classification for actionable findings.
One of the longest-used clinical decision support systems is ACR Assist from the American College of Radiology, which is designed to blend in seamlessly with radiology workflow. Clinical data is encoded in vendor-neutral ways, in order to quickly build commercial applications. The ACR has since created guidelines for radiologists and referring physicians to proceed after clinical findings. Others are also stepping in with new initiatives to enhance automation and decision support. Massachusetts General Hospital, for example, has developed Procedure Order Entry (PrOE), a surgical appropriateness system to help identify whether a procedure is necessary, and the implications of this for radiology are under active investigation. By utilizing evidence-based guidelines rather than have a less-informed entity authorize diagnostic imaging, CPOE in radiology not only enhances efficiency, but also the quality of care.

IPads and speed
One unexpected finding cited in the 2012 RSNA study on meaningful use was that residents using iPads were able to enter and update data more rapidly. Indeed, a majority of those surveyed found that iPads led to significant increases in work efficiency.
This was an opportune moment, given that a year previously, the US Food and Drug Administration had cleared the first mobile app to allow physicians to make diagnoses using iPads or iPhones.
Currently, radiology imaging applications for mobile platforms allow remote monitoring and control for a PACS administrator. Fuelled by standard tools such as DICOM viewers, these impact directly on quality control, data management and workflow efficiency.

The implications of teleradiology connectivity are especially dramatic in emergency settings. About five years ago, Mayo Clinic physicians deployed smartphones in order to assess their utility in a telemedicine stroke-management network which connected radiologists to neurologists and emergency physicians at a remote facility. The findings were encouraging, with over 90% of agreement on the key radiological findings. In the future, smartphone-based teleradiology systems are likely to become commonplace among first responders.

Image management and automation
Image management is also being used as a means to automate processes. The fast growth of technology has also necessitated unprecedented collaborations between specialists. Oncologists, for example, have been working with radiologists to analyse datasets for tumour detection and monitoring, and some studies report sharp reduction in the time required to study suspicious tissue.
On its part, Massachusetts General has also developed QPID (Queriable Patient Interface Dossier) to integrate electronic records and streamline providers’ abilities to access details in a patient’s medical history.
Other areas for attention include voice-enabled documentation, accompanied by structured reporting and data sets that pre-populate a radiology report. These not only reduce human error when inputting data but also enables radiologists to interpret and diagnose a study when a referring physician is most in need of the information – while meeting a patient.

From automation to deep machine learning
The greatest benefit of automation is to maximize the use of available data. This enhances the  ability to provide not just personal but precision medicine, too. When interfaced to an appropriate radiology-focused IT platform, individual radiologists and the broader radiology (as well as clinical) community will be empowered to benefit from feedback loops that reinforce positive lessons, de-emphasize negative ones and continuously build appropriateness and best-practice guidelines. Based on the templated information in a report, colleagues (real and virtual) would be able to rapidly offer second opinions and perspectives on how to best serve a specific patient-case.
Further down the road are deep machine learning tools which will provide sophisticated, structured and in-depth data on a patient, to enable increasingly informed decisions in the context of specific and individual challenges – influenced by factors ranging from pharmacogenomics to disease staging, age and lifestyle. Such knowledge, which would create highly actionable reports, are expected to dramatically impact upon patient outcomes.

Radiology and public perception
It is no secret that professional radiological societies strongly believe there is a need to improve patient (and public) perception of the role played by radiologists in healthcare, and that this necessitates closer contact with patients. Patients after all seldom choose a radiologist. This choice is made by a referring physician or health plan.
Though radiology is essential to patient care, radiological services often seem inconvenient, a threat to privacy, sometimes mysterious and scary. The connect between a radiologist and patient is intermediated by nurses and assistants (e.g. for injecting contrast material or preparing them for the imaging procedure), or by technologists seen as managers of machines. Various studies have shown that radiologists are not always present during performance of a study and seldom introduce themselves to a patient.
As a result, patients increasingly consider radiologists to be supervisors of a technological process. The clinician requesting the examination and receiving the radiology report is considered to be the one interpreting the study and making the decision.

Patient at the core
To sum up, the core value proposition in transforming and keeping radiology up to date involves the patient. Although the growing digitization of healthcare pushes radiologists away from patients, there is a need to make these interactions more prominent. Some radiologists warn that otherwise, there is a risk of their services becoming commoditized. For such a process, there is clearly a need to draw more patient data into decision-making.  One of the most ambitious efforts on this count was launched at the turn of the decade by RSNA, with funding from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. The project, which promotes patient access to self-management tools, is known as Image Share, and consists of a secure network based on open-standards architecture. Images are exchanged between servers at radiology departments and imaging centres via the Cloud. A two-year pilot began in 2011 at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, followed by university hospitals in several states. In 2016, RSNA introduced a validation programme for the project, to test vendor system compliance with standards for exchange of medical images. To date, results have been satisfying.

Although initiatives like this will continue to grow in importance, they are unlikely to do more than enhance the efficiency of radiologists – and their professional judgement – in improving patient care.