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Archive for category: E-News

E-News

Risk of childhood obesity can be predicted at birth

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

A simple formula can predict at birth a baby

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Advancing emergency care for kids

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Most children with isolated skull fractures may not need to stay in the hospital, which finding has the potential to save the health care system millions of dollars a year (‘Isolated Skull Fractures: Trends in Management in U.S. Pediatric Emergency Departments’). In addition, a new device more accurately estimates children’s weights, leading to more precise drug dosing in the ER (‘Evaluation of the Mercy TAPE: Performance Against the Standard for Pediatric Weight Estimation’). Two studies showcase some of the work emergency physicians are doing to improve care for children in the nation’s emergency departments.
One study posits that most children who are hospitalised with isolated skull fractures may instead be discharged home safely from the ER. Researchers found that of children hospitalised with isolated skull fractures between 2005 and 2011, 85 percent were discharged within 1 day and 95 percent were discharged within 2 days. A very small number

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Study shows rising rate of propofol abuse by health care professionals

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Abuse of the anaesthesia drug propofol is a ‘rapidly progressive form of substance dependence’ that is being more commonly seen among health care professionals, reports a study.

‘Propofol addiction is a virulent and debilitating form of substance dependence’ with a ‘rapid downhill course,’ write Drs. Paul Earley and Torin Finver of Georgia Health Professionals Program, Inc, Atlanta. Their study identifies some emerging characteristics and consequences of propofol abuse among health care professionals.

Data from an addiction centre specialising in substance abuse problems among health care professionals identified 22 patients treated for propofol abuse from 1990 to 2010. Propofol is a drug widely used to induce anaesthesia for surgery and sedation for other procedures. It is commonly used because it has a rapid onset and quick recovery time, with fewer side effects than other anaesthetics.

The number of health care professionals treated for propofol abuse increased steadily during the period studied, although increased recognition by addiction centre staff may have played a role. The patients were thirteen physicians, eight nurses, and one dentist. Most of the physicians and all of the nurses were anaesthesia providers, who had ready access to propofol.

Patients using propofol were more likely to be women, compared to health care professionals abusing alcohol or other drugs. Most propofol abusers had depression, along with a history of childhood sexual or physical abuse. In addition, most of the propofol-abusing health care professionals reported a family history of substance abuse, and a higher than expected number had family members with schizophrenia.

The patients generally started using propofol to get to sleep. However, they quickly developed characteristics of addiction, with propofol becoming a preferred drug of abuse. Most patients came for addiction treatment within a few months after starting to use propofol. Five patients came to treatment after a single propofol binge.

‘When humans abuse propofol, unintended side effects begin almost immediately,’ Drs. Earley and Finver write. About half of propofol abusers entered addiction treatment after dramatic events such as car crashes or other injuries. Some sustained facial injuries when they passed out immediately after injecting propofol.

Five patients were admitted into treatment when they were discovered unconscious. These characteristics reflect the ‘narrow window between desired effect and unconsciousness’ and the rapid loss of control over propofol use, according to the authors.

‘Propofol dependence is a rapidly progressive form of substance dependence seen in 1.6 percent of all health care addiction cases reporting to treatment,’ Drs. Earley and Finver conclude. Within the limitations of the data, the study suggests that propofol abuse by health care professionals is increasing

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Brief class on easy-to-miss pre-cancerous polyps ups detection

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Most people know a colonoscopy requires some preparation by the patient. Now, a Mayo Clinic physician suggests an additional step to lower the risk of colorectal cancer: Ask for your doctor’s success rate detecting easy-to-miss polyps called adenomas.
The measure of success is called the adenoma detection rate, or ADR, and has been linked to a reduced risk of developing a new cancer after the colonoscopy. The current recommended national benchmark is at least 20 percent, which means that an endoscopist should be able to detect adenomas in at least 1 of 5 patients getting a colonoscopy.
Recently, the Mayo Clinic in Florida developed a two-hour course designed to increase a doctor’s ADR rate in order to reduce development of colorectal cancer.
They found the short course made a big difference in even experienced endocopsists, the physicians who perform colonoscopies.
‘Numerous studies have shown that increased detection and removal of potentially pre-cancerous polyps lowers the incidence of colorectal cancer,’ says Michael Wallace, M.D., M.P.H., chair of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Mayo Clinic in Florida. ‘We also know that there is a lot of variability in how proficient physicians are at finding those polyps.’
A team of Mayo physicians and researchers led by Dr. Wallace, has long been working to help endoscopists better detect polyps.
Dr. Wallace and his team developed a two-hour training course that describes polyps that can be difficult to see, such as flat lesions, but are often the most dangerous.
The research team turned to Mayo Clinic endoscopists to study whether the course helps. Researchers first looked at the adenoma detection rate in 15 physicians and found it was 35 percent

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Better support needed for dads as well as mums after difficult births

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Severe and life-threatening complications in pregnancy can have a big impact on fathers as well as mothers.
That’s one of the key findings of work by Oxford University researchers who spoke to couples who had been through this, in compiling a new resource for the award-winning patient website www.healthtalkonline.org.
The new pages covering life-threatening conditions in childbirth and pregnancy have just been launched.
Other points that emerged from the interviews included the huge difference that little examples of thoughtful care from doctors and midwives could make to how couples coped when emergency care was needed around the time of the birth of their child.
Examples included an anaesthetist who stepped out of theatre to show the waiting father a photo of his new baby on an iPhone; staff who kept a diary of the newborn baby’s day in a neonatal unit that was in a different hospital to the mother; and a midwife who greeted a woman with major bleeding arriving in an ambulance with a monitor so she could hear her baby’s heartbeat and know nothing had happened to him.
Severe complications in labour and childbirth aren’t common. But perhaps because of this, there can be difficulties for couples in getting the support they might need or finding others that have gone through similar experiences. And for doctors and midwives who don’t see many such cases, they may not be aware of what follow-up care could help. Oxford University

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Oestrogen patches could offer treatment option for prostate cancer

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Patches giving oestrogen through the skin could be an easy and safe alternative to hormone therapies used to treat prostate cancer.

The Cancer Research UK funded study found that oestrogen patches, usually used to treat menopause symptoms in women, reduced levels of testosterone in men to a similar extent as the current hormone treatment, LHRHa injections.

Many prostate cancers need the male hormone testosterone to grow. Using drugs to reduce testosterone in advanced stages of the disease can shrink the tumour or slow growth.

In the 1960s this was done by using oestrogen tablets, but this caused heart and blood clotting side effects for some men. Now, LHRHa injections are the main treatment for reducing testosterone but these may also cause serious side effects including hot flushes, osteoporosis, bone fractures and diabetes.

The trial was run by researchers from Imperial College London and the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit with clinicians at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.

They compared LHRHa injections to oestrogen patches in 254 men with locally advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer that had spread, in order to test the benefits and side effects from the patches.

The results showed that patches appeared to suppress testosterone levels to a similar extent as LHRHa injections. After 12 months, the researchers also found that those having the LHRHa treatment had higher blood glucose and cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease, compared to men treated with patches. The patches did not cause the same degree of heart and blood clotting problems caused by oestrogen tablets.

The initial trial has now been extended to study the long-term effectiveness and side effects of oestrogen patches in a larger group of 660 men.

Dr Ruth Langley, a study author from the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, said: ‘These promising new findings suggest that we might be able to use oestrogen patches or an oestrogen gel to treat prostate cancer without significantly increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. We think the reason oral oestrogen causes these side effects is because the oestrogen reaches the liver in high concentrations straight from the stomach, whereas if the oestrogen can be absorbed through the skin, the effect on the liver is avoided.’

Professor Paul Abel, from the Department of Surgery and Cancer at Imperial College London and an honorary consultant in urology at Imperial College Healthcare, said: ‘The next step is to test if the oestrogen patches are as effective at stopping the growth of prostate cancer as the current hormone treatments. We

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Therapeutic eye injections may be needed less often

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Johns Hopkins biomedical engineers have teamed up with clinicians to create a new drug-delivery strategy for a type of central vision loss caused by blood vessel growth at the back of the eye, where such growth should not occur. In addition to testing a new drug that effectively stops such runaway vessel growth in mice, the team gave the drug a biodegradable coating to keep it in the eye longer. If proven effective in humans, the engineers say, it could mean only two or three needle sticks to the eye per year instead of the monthly injections that are the current standard of care.

The new drug, in its time-release coating, was tested in mice with abnormalities similar to those experienced by people with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, or ‘wet’ AMD.

‘If you lose central vision, you can’t drive a car and you can’t see your grandchildren,’ says Jordan Green, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering and ophthalmology at The Johns Hopkins University. ‘You’re willing to do what it takes to keep your sight. We hope that our system will work in people, and make invasive treatments much less frequent, and therefore easier to comply with, and safer.’

According to Peter Campochiaro, M.D., the George S. & Dolores Dor

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Research shows Vitamin D levels drop after pediatric heart surgery, increasing sickness

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Until now, there has been no research dedicated to the importance of Vitamin D supplementation in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, over the past few years, researchers at the Children

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Cardio and weight training reduces access to health care in seniors

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Forget apples

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Is that bacteria dead yet?

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Researchers at EPFL have built a matchboxsized device that can test for the presence of bacteria in a couple of minutes, instead of up to several weeks. A nanolever vibrates in the presence of bacterial activity, while a laser reads the vibration and translates it into an electrical signal that can be easily read

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