In a paper recently published, EORTC researchers identified health related quality of life (HRQOL) components that should be considered as most relevant for achieving optimal care for older cancer patients.
Dr. Andrew Bottomley, Head of the EORTC Quality of Life Department and senior investigator of this study says,
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A new hybrid molecule developed in the lab at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering shows promise for treating breast cancer by serving as a
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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is described as a very early form of breast cancer, where cancer cells are present in milk ducts, but have not yet invaded the surrounding breast tissue. Around 4,800 people are diagnosed with DCIS in the UK each year and the main form of treatment is surgery followed by radiotherapy.
Ongoing public debate about the harm caused by mammography screening through over-diagnosis has led to controversy over the value of screening for and treatment of DCIS. A major question has been the extent to which diagnosis and treatment of DCIS may prevent the occurrence of invasive breast cancer in the future.
The researchers analysed data on 5,243,658 women aged 50-64 who were screened over a four year period across 84 screening units in the UK
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Researchers examined the internal design of syringes to see if variations affected the transmission of hepatitis C virus.
As many as 21 million people worldwide inject drugs, putting them at heightened risk for infection from blood-borne pathogens such as the hepatitis C virus (HCV), especially if syringes are shared.
A newer type of syringe designed to reduce HCV transmission by decreasing the so-called dead space
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Researchers at MIT and Boston Children’s Hospital have developed a system that can take MRI scans of a patient’s heart and, in a matter of hours, convert them into a tangible, physical model that surgeons can use to plan surgery. The models could provide a more intuitive way for surgeons to assess and prepare for the anatomical idiosyncrasies of individual patients. ‘Our collaborators are convinced that this will make a difference,’ says Polina Golland, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT, who led the project. ‘The phrase I heard is that surgeons see with their hands,’ that the perception is in the touch.’ This fall, seven cardiac surgeons at Boston Children’s Hospital will participate in a study intended to evaluate the models’ usefulness. Danielle Pace, an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science, is first author on the paper and spearheaded the development of the software that analyses the MRI scans. Mehdi Moghari, a physicist at Boston Children’s Hospital, developed new procedures that increase the precision of MRI scans tenfold, and Andrew Powell, a cardiologist at the hospital, leads the project’s clinical work. MRI data consist of a series of cross sections of a three-dimensional object. Like a black-and-white photograph, each cross section has regions of dark and light, and the boundaries between those regions may indicate the edges of anatomical structures. Then again, they may not. Determining the boundaries between distinct objects in an image is one of the central problems in computer vision, known as ‘image segmentation.’ But general-purpose image-segmentation algorithms aren’t reliable enough to produce the very precise models that surgical planning requires. Typically, the way to make an image-segmentation algorithm more precise is to augment it with a generic model of the object to be segmented. Human hearts, for instance, have chambers and blood vessels that are usually in roughly the same places relative to each other. That anatomical consistency could give a segmentation algorithm a way to weed out improbable conclusions about object boundaries. The problem with that approach is that many of the cardiac patients at Boston Children’s Hospital require surgery precisely because the anatomy of their hearts is irregular. Inferences from a generic model could obscure the very features that matter most to the surgeon. In the past, researchers have produced printable models of the heart by manually indicating boundaries in MRI scans. But with the 200 or so cross sections in one of Moghari’s high-precision scans, that process can take eight to 10 hours. ‘They want to bring the kids in for scanning and spend probably a day or two doing planning of how exactly they’re going to operate,’ Golland says. ‘If it takes another day just to process the images, it becomes unwieldy.’ Pace and Golland’s solution was to ask a human expert to identify boundaries in a few of the cross sections and allow algorithms to take over from there. Their strongest results came when they asked the expert to segment only a small patch -one-ninth of the total area – of each cross section. In that case, segmenting just 14 patches and letting the algorithm infer the rest yielded 90 percent agreement with expert segmentation of the entire collection of 200 cross sections. Human segmentation of just three patches yielded 80 percent agreement. ‘I think that if somebody told me that I could segment the whole heart from eight slices out of 200, I would not have believed them,’ Golland says. ‘It was a surprise to us.’ Together, human segmentation of sample patches and the algorithmic generation of a digital, 3-D heart model takes about an hour. The 3-D-printing process takes a couple of hours more. Currently, the algorithm examines patches of unsegmented cross sections and looks for similar features in the nearest segmented cross sections. But Golland believes that its performance might be improved if it also examined patches that ran obliquely across several cross sections. This and other variations on the algorithm are the subject of ongoing research.
MIThttp://tinyurl.com/pz4su4s
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A new study from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center evaluating the use of neurofeedback found a decrease in the experience of chronic pain and increase quality of life in patients with neuropathic pain.
Study lead investigator Sarah Prinsloo, Ph.D., assistant professor Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine at MD Anderson, identified the location of brain activity that contributes to the physical and emotional aspects of chronic pain, which allowed patients to modify their own brain activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback. EEG tracks and records brain wave patterns by attaching small metal discs with thin wires on the scalp, and then sending signals to a computer to record the results.
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Scientists have developed an easy-to-use computer program that can quickly analyse bacterial DNA from a patient
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Patients who get blood quickly after severe injuries are less likely to die, according to researchers from the University of Cincinnati (UC) Department of Emergency Medicine.
‘More than 180,000 people die from trauma every year,
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Yeovil District Hospital has chosen to replace an existing third-party X-ray unit with Agfa HealthCare’s DR 600 X-ray room offering full automation, auto-positioning and auto-tracking. The hospital chose this top-performance solution based on its successful experience with Agfa HealthCare’s direct radiography (DR) Retrofit solutions, which include MUSICA image processing. The DR 600 offers faster patient turnaround and enhanced image quality, plus potential dose reduction. With its high-productivity, innovative features and ZeroForce Technology offering high speed, precision and comfort, the fully automated DR 600 streamlines workflow, increases throughput and enhances the experience of patients and operators alike, even in the busiest imaging environment. Robotization, in combination with the pre-programmed MUSICA workstation exam tree, the automated MUSICA image processing, and seamless integration with RIS and PACS offer a complete and integrated solution that maximizes productivity, versatility and ease of use.
www.agfa.com
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Ultrasound, a non-invasive technique commonly used to study the presence of atherosclerosis disease in blood vessels, can be used to identify patients at increased risk of future stroke who could benefit from surgery. Since surgical treatment to prevent stroke is only considered beneficial to some, ultrasound can prove useful in preventing unnecessary surgical intervention, new research at Ume
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