Many patients continue to suffer from symptoms (headaches, pain) several months after an accident, which can pose a real handicap to their lives. The team of Emmanuel Lagarde, research director at Inserm
The research suggests that testing the temperature of breath could be a simple and non-invasive method to either confirm or reject the presence of lung cancer.
Many research teams have been looking at the possibility of using breath tests for a number of cancers. This is the first study looking at breath temperature as a marker in lung cancer
The researchers enrolled 82 people in the study who had been referred for a full diagnostic test after an x-ray suggested the presence of lung cancer. 40 patients received a positive diagnosis, while 42 patients had the diagnosis rejected. Researchers measured the temperature of exhaled breath in all patients using a breath thermometer device, known as an X-Halo device.
The results demonstrated that the patients with lung cancer had a higher breath temperature than those without. The temperature also increased with the number of years a person had smoked and the stage at which their lung cancer had developed.
The researchers also identified a cut-off value in the measurement of temperature, which they proved could identify lung cancer with a high level of accuracy.
Professor Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano, lead author of the study from the University of Foggia, Italy, said:
Handwashing with antibacterial soap exposes hospital workers to significant and potentially unsafe levels of triclosan, a widely-used chemical according to a study led by researchers from UC San Francisco.
Triclosan, a synthetic antibacterial agent, is found in thousands of consumer products, including soaps, cosmetics, acne creams and some brands of toothpaste. The FDA is reviewing its safety based on a growing body of research indicating that it can interfere with the action of hormones, potentially causing developmental problems in fetuses and newborns, among other health concerns.
In the current study researchers analysed urine samples from two groups of 38 doctors and nurses
A new mobile app developed by researchers at the Child & Family Research Institute (CFRI) at BC Children
Long-acting insulin is safer and more effective than intermediate-acting insulin for patients with Type 1 diabetes, according to new research.
Researchers looked at once-daily and twice-daily doses of both long- and intermediate-acting insulin, ranking their effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness.
Around three-quarters of cancer patients who have major depression do not currently receive treatment for their depression, new research led by Oxford University has found. But the researchers show that a new treatment programme is strikingly more effective at reducing depression and improving quality of life among cancer patients than current care.
The team analysed data from more than 21,000 patients attending cancer clinics in Scotland and found that major depression is substantially more common in cancer patients than in the general population.
Major depression was most common in patients with lung cancer (13%) and lowest in those with genitourinary cancer (6%). Moreover, nearly three quarters (73%) of depressed cancer patients were not receiving treatment for their depression.
To address the problem of inadequate treatment, the researchers evaluated the effectiveness of a new treatment programme called ‘Depression Care for People with Cancer’ (DCPC) in a randomised trial called SMaRT Oncology-2.
The DCPC treatment programme is delivered by a team of specially trained cancer nurses and psychiatrists working in collaboration with the patient’s cancer team and general practitioner, and is given as part of cancer care. It is a systematic treatment programme that includes both antidepressants and psychological therapy.
The trial involved 500 adults with major depression and a cancer with a good prognosis (they had a predicted survival of more than 12 months), and compared DCPC with usual care.
The researchers found that the Depression Care for People with Cancer programme was strikingly more effective at reducing depression.
Professor Michael Sharpe from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oxford said: ‘The huge benefit that DCPC delivers for patients with cancer and depression shows what we can achieve for patients if we take as much care with the treatment of their depression as we do with the treatment of their cancer.’
At 6 months, 62% of the patients who received DCPC responded to treatment (at least a 50% reduction in the severity of their depression) compared with only 17% of those who received usual care. This benefit was sustained at 12 months.
DCPC also improved anxiety, pain, fatigue, functioning, and overall quality of life. Moreover, the cost of providing DCPC was modest (
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have found that bacteria that aid in digestion help keep the intestinal lining intact. The findings could yield new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a wide range of other disorders.
Sridhar Mani, M.D.The research involved the intestinal microbiome, which contains some 100 trillion bacteria. The role of these microorganisms in promoting or preventing disease is a major emerging field of study. Einstein scientists found that absorption of a specific bacterial by-product is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium
Studies by vascular biologists at The Johns Hopkins Hospital could lead to new treatments for vascular disease.
This work was led by Dan Berkowitz, M.B.B.Ch., and Lewis Romer, M.D., both professors of anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The studies focus on the balance between (good) nitric oxide, and (bad) oxidants
Ethical approval has been given for a study where some cardiac arrest patients will be given a dummy pill, rather than adrenaline to kick-start their heart. There are concerns the resuscitation drug, used for more than 50 years, can do more harm than good. But the study will mean some patients across England and Wales being given a placebo without their consent.Experts say the research throws up a number of ethical challenges. More than 50,000 people suffer cardiac arrests outside of hospitals each year in the UK. During arrests their hearts stop beating completely and most people do not survive. Currently only 8% leave hospital alive. Paramedics follow a protocol for anyone found without a heartbeat – this involves chest compressions, shocking the heart with a defibrillator and giving a shot of adrenaline if shocks don
A non-invasive optical imaging device developed at Cedars-Sinai can provide early detection of changes that later occur in the brain and are a classic sign of Alzheimer’s disease, according to preliminary results from investigators conducting a clinical trial in Australia.
‘In preliminary results in 40 patients, the test could differentiate between Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s disease with 100 percent sensitivity and 80.6 percent specificity, meaning that all people with the disease tested positive and most of the people without the disease tested negative. The optical imaging exam appears to detect changes that occur 15-20 years before clinical diagnosis. It’s a practical exam that could allow testing of new therapies at an earlier stage, increasing our chances of altering the course of Alzheimer’s disease,’ said Shaun Frost, a biomedical scientist and the study manager at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. CSIRO is Australia’s national science agency.
Frost, first author of the AAIC 2014 abstract, will make the oral presentation. He said 120 participants of a full study of 200 had completed testing.
Keith Black, MD, professor and chair of Cedars-Sinai’s Department of Neurosurgery, director of the Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute and the Ruth and Lawrence Harvey Chair in Neuroscience, said the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaque in the brain is a hallmark sign of Alzheimer’s, but current tests detect changes only after the disease has advanced to late stages. Researchers believe that as treatment options improve, early detection will be critical, but existing diagnostic methods are inconvenient, costly and impractical for routine screening.
‘PET scans require the use of radioactive tracers, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis requires that patients undergo invasive and often painful lumbar punctures, but neither approach is quite feasible, especially for patients in the earlier stages of disease,’ he said. Positron emission tomography, or PET, is the current diagnostic standard.
‘The retina, unlike other structures of the eye, is part of the central nervous system, sharing many characteristics of the brain. A few years ago, we discovered at Cedars-Sinai that the plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease occur not only in the brain but also in the retina. By ‘staining’ the plaque with curcumin, a component of the common spice turmeric, we could detect it in the retina even before it began to accumulate in the brain. The device we developed enables us to look through the eye
April 2024
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