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Archive for category: E-News

E-News

New surgical glue could provide alternative for heart procedures

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

People who need multiple surgeries for congenital heart defects undergo procedures that are invasive and challenging partly due to an inability to quickly and safely secure devices inside the heart. Sutures take too much time to stitch and can stress fragile heart tissue, and available clinical adhesives are sub-par.
 The creation of a safe and effective adhesive that can be used internally in the body would help these patients, but researchers trying to develop a glue like this have faced hurdles such as ensuring that it is non-toxic and capable of repelling fluids. Now, a study published by Harvard Medical School offers a potential breakthrough.

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Variations in eye structure and function may reveal features of early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Investigators at the Cedars-Sinai Regenerative Medicine Institute have discovered eye abnormalities that may help reveal features of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Using a novel laboratory rat model of Alzheimer’s disease and high-resolution imaging techniques, researchers correlated variations of the eye structure, to identify initial indicators of the disease.
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, which is characterised by loss of memory and a progressive decline in cognitive function. To date, more than 26 million people are estimated to suffer from the disease and the number is expected to quadruple by 2050. Despite the disease being described over a century ago, treatment and understanding of the disease remain rather limited.
‘Detecting changes in the brain that indicate Alzheimer’s disease can be an extremely challenging task,’ said Shaomei Wang, MD, PhD, lead author of the study and an associate professor in the Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences. ‘By using the eye as a window to brain activity and function, we may be able to diagnose patients sooner and give them more time to prepare for the future. Options may include earlier enrolment in clinical trials, developing support networks and dealing with any financial and legal matters.’
Using both animal models and post-mortem human retinas from donors with Alzheimer’s disease, researchers found changes in the retinal pigment epithelial layer, which harbours the supportive cells located in the back of the eye, and in the thickness of the choroidal layer that has blood vessels providing nutrients to the retina. Changes in these two regions were detected using sophisticated, state-of-the-art imaging and immunological techniques.
With high-resolution, microscopic imaging and visual acuity measurements, investigators were able to monitor tissue degeneration in the cell layer and vascular layer at the back of the eye, as well as decline in visual function, that were strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
‘Greater magnitude in these eye abnormalities may mean a greater chance of a patient having Alzheimer’s disease,’ said Alexander Ljubimov, PhD, director of the Eye Program within the Regenerative Medicine Institute and co-author of the study. ‘We found that a rat model showed similar signs to the human ailment in the eye. If true in a larger number of humans, these findings may be used to study Alzheimer’s disease mechanisms and test potential drugs.’
Though additional research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of these ocular changes in relation to changes in the brain, investigators hope to ultimately aid early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease by studying the most approachable part of the central nervous system: the eye. Cedars-Sinai has been at the cutting edge of studies on the eye and Alzheimer’s disease with a previous report showing amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, also build up in the eye using a similar animal model of the disease.
‘It is fascinating that the eye may provide such a window to the brain and eventually predict diseases such as Alzheimer’s, although more human studies are now needed to confirm this animal work,’ said Clive Svendsen, PhD, director of the Cedars-Sinai Regenerative Medicine Institute and a co-author on the study. Other members of the Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, include Yu Chun Tsai, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow; and Bin Lu, MD, PhD, and Sergey Girman, PhD, both project scientists. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

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Sensor-based monitoring of cancer patients at home during radiation treatment may identify problems in their early stages

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

A new feasibility study shows that equipping head and neck cancer patients with home-based sensors to identify potential risks of dehydration during radiation treatment is attainable and acceptable to patients as well as their physicians.

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Water-loving polymers help stem cells regenerate bone tissue

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

When stem cells are used to regenerate bone tissue, many wind up migrating away from the repair site, which disrupts the healing process. But a technique employed by a University of Rochester research team keeps the stem cells in place, resulting in faster and better tissue regeneration. The key is encasing the stem cells in polymers that attract water and disappear when their work is done.

The technique is similar to what has already been used to repair other types of tissue, including cartilage, but had never been tried on bone.

‘Our success opens the door for many

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Doctor slang is a dying art

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Is doctor slang on the wane?
The inventive language created by doctors the world over to insult their patients – or each other – is in danger of becoming extinct. So says a doctor who has spent four years charting more than 200 colourful examples.
Medicine is a profession already overflowing with acronyms and technical terms, and doctors over the years have invented plenty of their own.
However, Dr Adam Fox, who works at St Mary’s Hospital in London as a specialist registrar in its child allergy unit, says that far fewer doctors now annotate notes with abbreviations designed to spell out the unsayable truth about their patients.
TOP MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
CTD – Circling the Drain (A patient expected to die soon)
GLM – Good looking Mum
GPO – Good for Parts Only
TEETH – Tried Everything Else, Try Homeopathy
UBI – Unexplained Beer Injury
The increasing rate of litigation means that there is a far higher chance that doctors will be asked in court to explain the exact meaning of NFN (Normal for Norfolk), FLK (Funny looking kid) or GROLIES (Guardian Reader Of Low Intelligence in Ethnic Skirt).
Dr Fox recounts the tale of one doctor who had scribbled TTFO – an expletive expression roughly translated as ‘Told To Go Away’ – on a patient’s notes.
He told BBC News Online: ‘This guy was asked by the judge what the acronym meant, and luckily for him he had the presence of mind to say: ‘To take fluids orally’.’
Regional dialects abound, even in the world of the medical abbreviation.
In the north of England, the TTR (Tea Time Review) of a patient is commonplace, but not in the south.
And the number of terms for patients believed to be somewhat intellectually challenged is enormous.
From LOBNH (Lights On But Nobody Home), CNS-QNS (Central Nervous System – Quantity Not Sufficient), to the delightful term ‘pumpkin positive’, which refers to the implication that a penlight shone into the patient’s mouth would encounter a brain so small that the whole head would light up.
Regular visitors to A&E on a Friday or Saturday night are also classified.
DBI refers to ‘Dirt Bag Index’, and multiplies the number of tattoos with the number of missing teeth to give an estimate of the number of days since the patient last bathed.
A PFO refers to a drunken patient who sustained injury falling over, while a PGT ‘Got Thumped’ instead.
MEDICAL TERMS – A GLOSSARY
Digging for Worms – varicose vein surgery
Departure lounge – geriatric ward
Handbag positive – confused patient (usually elderly lady) lying on hospital bed clutching handbag
Woolworth’s Test – Anaesthetic term (if you can imagine patient shopping in Woolies, it’s safe to give a general anaesthetic)
This is an international language – Dr Fox’s research reveals that a PIMBA in Brazil can be translated as a ‘swollen-footed, drunk, run-over beggar’.
And much of the slang is directed at colleagues rather than patients. Thus rheumatology, considered by hard-pressed juniors one of the less busy specialties, becomes ‘rheumaholiday’, the ‘Freud Squad’ are psychiatrists, and ‘Gassers’ and ‘Slashers’ are anaesthetists and general surgeons respectively.
Dr Fox is keen to point out that neither he, nor the other authors of the paper, published in the journal Ethics and Behavior, actually advocate using any of the terms.
He said: ‘It’s a form of communication, and it needs to be recorded. It may not be around forever.’
He said: ‘I do think that doctors are genuinely more respectful of their patients these days.’
If that is the case, perhaps the delights of a ‘Whopper with Cheese’, ‘Handbag positive’ or ‘Coffin dodger’ could be lost forever. BBC

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Long-lasting device protects against HIV and pregnancy

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Women

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Strong domestic and international support drive growth of MEDICAL FAIR ASIA 2014

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

In just four months, Singapore will once again play host to MEDICAL FAIR ASIA, as it makes a much anticipated return on 9 to 11 September 2014 at Suntec Singapore. The 10th edition of the international exhibition on Hospital, Diagnostic, Pharmaceutical, Medical & Rehabilitation Equipment & Supplies continues its tradition of show-on-show growth, with an expected 25% increase in exhibitors from its 2012 edition.
Extremely positive exhibitor response has resulted in a marked increase in space bookings received, which sees the show expand across two exhibition levels to meet the growing demand for floor space. Further driving this growth is the strong support received in the international arena, with new and returning nations Italy, Spain, Hungary, Turkey and The Netherlands showing keen interest in joining a broad line-up of country pavilions which already include Germany, Austria, France, UK, USA, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Korea, Japan and Malaysia.
Organized by Messe Dusseldorf Asia, Medical Fair Asia brings
together all facets of the medical and healthcare industry for networking, sharing of best industry practices, as well as product, service and solutions development. Part of MEDICA

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Panel issues exercise recommendations for people with osteoporosis and spine fractures

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

Experts from the Too Fit to Fracture Initiative presented the results of an international consensus process to establish exercise recommendations for people with osteoporosis, with or without spine fractures. The results were presented at the World Congress on Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases in Seville, Spain.

Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method, the international multidisciplinary panel examined literature on exercise effects on: 1) falls, fractures, BMD, and adverse events for individuals with osteoporosis or spine fractures; and 2) pain, quality of life, and physical function after spine fracture. Evidence was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low.

In addition, a consensus process was used to established recommendations on assessment, exercise, and physical activity in the context of three cases with varying risk – one having osteoporosis based on bone density; one having osteoporosis and 1 spine fracture; and one having osteoporosis and multiple spine fractures, hyperkyphosis and pain.

The panel recommends that all individuals with osteoporosis should engage in a multicomponent exercise programme that includes resistance and balance training; they should not engage in aerobic training to the exclusion of resistance or balance training.

Other key points included:
current national physical activity guidelines are appropriate for individuals with osteoporosis in the absence of spine fracture, but not for those with spine fracture;
after spine fracture, aerobic activity of moderate intensity is preferred to vigorous; physical therapy consultation is recommended;
daily balance training and endurance training for spinal extensor muscles are recommended for all individuals with osteoporosis;
restrictions are a disincentive to activity participation, and for people with osteoporosis but no history of spine fracture, desired activities should be encouraged if they can be performed safely or modified;
health care providers should provide guidance on safe movement, rather than providing generic restrictions (e.g., lifting);
physical or occupational therapist consult is recommended for advice on exercise and physical activity among those with a history of spine fracture, particularly in the presence of balance or posture impairments, pain, comorbid conditions or that increase the risk of adverse events with exercise or activity, or unsafe movement patterns.

Lead author Dr Lora Giangregorio, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, stated, ‘People with osteoporosis and spinal fractures should be encouraged to participate in resistance training and balance training, as the strongest evidence we have supports multimodal exercise programs. We have developed evidence-based recommendations, as well as a report that addresses the ‘frequently asked questions’ of patients and health care providers around physical activity. We hope that the recommendations are helpful to health professionals worldwide as they guide their osteoporosis patients in safe, effective – and enjoyable – exercise regimens.’ International Osteoporosis Foundation

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Molecular pathway linking ICU ventilation to brain damage

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

At least 30 percent of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) suffer some form of mental dysfunction as reflected in anxiety, depression, and especially delirium. In mechanically-ventilated ICU patients, the incidence of delirium is particularly high, about 80 percent, and may be due in part to damage in the hippocampus, though how ventilation is increasing the risk of damage and mental impairment has remained elusive.  A new study found a molecular mechanism that may explain the connection between mechanical ventilation and hippocampal damage in ICU patients.  
The investigators, including Adrian Gonz

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‘eNose’ that sniffs out prostate cancer shows promise

, 26 August 2020/in E-News /by 3wmedia

New research from Finland suggests in the not-too-distant future we may be making rapid, early diagnoses of prostate cancer using a non-invasive electronic nose that sniffs a urine sample.
Researchers from the University of Tampere describe how the ‘eNose’ successfully differentiated between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by analysing the ‘smell print’ of the headspace of a urine sample (the air immediately above the urine).
The team says the results from the eNose are comparable to those obtained from prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and one of the leading causes of death from cancer. It is not easy to diagnose and make reliable prognoses about prostate cancer because it does not appear consistently in prostate tissue.
Currently, doctors rely on the digital rectal exam (DRE) and the PSA test to help decide if a biopsy is necessary. But these can be hit and miss, while biopsies are costly and uncomfortable, and carry the risk of infection. The other problem with current methods is that many diagnosed prostate cancers will not become life-threatening, and aggressive treatment risks reducing quality of life without extending it.
Odour sampling begins to show promise as a diagnostic for cancer
There have been experiments to test dogs’ ability to sniff out cancer, but scientists have noticed a lot of variation in their performance between and during studies.

About 20 or so years ago, researchers became interested in reports that dogs were detecting cancer in their owners, and since then there have been experiments to test dogs’ ability to sniff out cancer.
For example, in 2010, a scientific meeting of the American Urological Association learned how researchers in Paris had trained dogs to sniff out prostate cancer. They showed the dogs could detect certain prostate cancer cell-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine.
However, as more research has been done using dogs, so scientists have noticed a lot of variation in their performance between and during studies, so their findings have limited application.
A more promising avenue is the growth of labs working on the electronic equivalent of sniffer dogs – artificial olfaction or electronic nose technology. For instance, in 2012 we were taken behind the scenes of an electronic nose lab at the California Institute of Technology, and learned how investigators in that lab foresee that one day we will be using smartphones to sniff out diseases.
Electronic noses or ‘eNoses’ that analyse complex mixtures of gas molecules are already used in food and agriculture quality control, and in military applications.
Exhaled air is a ‘problematic sampling material’
eNoses are already being investigated for medical use, including early detection of cancer from exhaled air, says lead investigator Dr. Niku Oksala, of the Department of Surgery in the School of Medicine at the University.
‘However, exhaled air is a problematic sample material since it requires good cooperation and technique from the patient and immediate analysis,’ notes Dr. Oksala, who is also of the Department of Vascular Surgery, Tampere University Hospital.
He points out that urine, on the other hand, is simple to obtain and easy to store, and more feasible for use in clinical practice. Plus, he says:
‘Preliminary data suggested that detection of urologic malignancies from urine headspace was possible. Our own preliminary results on prostate cancer cells encouraged us to launch this prospective clinical study.’ MNT

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