Researchers at EPFL have built a matchboxsized device that can test for the presence of bacteria in a couple of minutes, instead of up to several weeks. A nanolever vibrates in the presence of bacterial activity, while a laser reads the vibration and translates it into an electrical signal that can be easily read
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A new study suggests that CPAP (continuos positive air passage) therapy reduces nightmares in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Results show that the mean number of nightmares per week fell significantly with CPAP use, and reduced nightmare frequency aft er starting CPAP was best predicted by CPAP compliance.
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Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are faster and more effective than fresh frozen plasma at reversing hemorrhage caused by the anti-coagulant warfarin, despite plasma being the most commonly used therapy. A literature review suggests that physicians in the United States should join those around the world in following recommendations of multiple specialty organisations to use PCCs as the first line of defence in this common and life-threatening emergency (
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A baby boy has been born to a couple in the USA by IVF involving the use of a new embryo screening approach. The method uses the latest DNA sequencing techniques and aims to increase IVF success rates while being more affordable for more couples. The work was a collaborative effort. It received significant support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, a partnership between Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Oxford. The collaboration also involved industrial partners, in particular the medical diagnostic company Reprogenetics UK. The new approach can identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, and may cut hundreds of pounds off the cost of embryo screening test, Dr Wells says, which currently adds
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A device that trains the brain to turn sounds into images could be used as an alternative to invasive treatment for blind and partially-sighted people researchers in the Department of Psychology have found. The vOICe sensory substitution device is a revolutionary tool that helps blind people to use sounds to build an image in their minds of the things around them. A research team, led by Dr Michael Proulx looked at how blindfolded sighted participants responded to an eye test using the device. They were asked to perform a standard eye chart test called the Snellen Tumbling E test, which asked participants to view the letter E turned in four different directions and in various sizes. Normal, best-corrected visual acuity is considered 20/20, calculated in terms of the distance (in feet) and the size of the E on the eye chart. The participants, even without any training in the use of the device, were able to perform the best performance possible, nearly 20/400. This limit appears to be the highest resolution currently possible with the ever-improving technology. Dr Michael Proulx said:
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Even though patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention often receive a dual-chamber ICD, an analysis that included more than 32,000 patients receiving an ICD without indications for pacing finds that the use of a dual-chamber device compared with a single-chamber device was associated with a higher risk of device-related complications and similar 1-year mortality and hospitalisation outcomes, according to a study.
‘The central decision regarding ICD therapy is whether to use a single- or dual-chamber device,’ according to background information in the article. More complex dual-chamber devices may offer theoretical benefits beyond single-chamber devices for patients without an indication for pacing, but may also have greater risks. In a national sample, more than two-thirds of patients receiving an ICD received a dual-chamber device. ‘The outcomes of dual- vs. single-chamber devices are uncertain.’
Pamela N. Peterson, M.D., M.S.P.H., of the Denver Health Medical Center, and colleagues conducted a study to compare outcomes, including mortality, hospitalisations, and longer-term implant-related complications between single- and dual-chamber devices. The study included admissions in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry’s (NCDR) ICD registry from 2006-2009 that could be linked to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services fee-for-service Medicare claims data. Patients were included if they received an ICD for primary prevention and did not have a documented indication for pacing.
Among 32,034 patients, 12,246 (38 percent) received a single-chamber device and 19,788 (62 percent) received a dual-chamber device. After analysis of the data, the researchers found that rates of complications were lower for single-chamber devices (3.51 percent vs. 4.72 percent), but device type was not significantly associated with 1-year mortality (unadjusted rate, 9.85 percent vs. 9.77 percent), 1-year all-cause hospitalization (unadjusted rate, 43.86 percent vs. 44.83 percent), or hospitalisation for heart failure (unadjusted rate, 14.73 percent vs. 15.38 percent).
The authors suggest that their study advances the understanding of the risks of dual-chamber devices. ‘Because implanting a dual-chamber ICD is a more complex and time-consuming procedure than implanting a single-chamber device, the possibility of device-related complications such as infection and lead displacement requiring device revision is likely to increase. Indeed, we observed a greater risk of complications among patients receiving dual-chamber devices.’
‘Many patients receiving primary prevention ICDs receive dual-chamber devices. Dual-chamber devices do not appear to offer any clinical benefit over single-chamber devices with regard to death, all-cause readmission, or heart failure readmission in the year following implant. However, dual-chamber ICDs are associated with higher rates of complications. Therefore, among patients without clear pacing indications, the decision to implant a dual-chamber ICD for primary prevention should be considered carefully.’
EurekAlert
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Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers have used vascular precursor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate, in an animal model, functional blood vessels that lasted as long as nine months. In their report the investigators describe using iPSCs
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People over the age of 50 who have suffered a fracture because of a slip or trip play a central role in making sure they get proper care to prevent a future fracture, a new study has found. The findings are important because previous efforts to improve care for bone health after one of these fractures have had limited success. Dr. Dorcas Beaton, lead author of the study and director of the Mobility Program Clinical Research Unit at St. Michael
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