Archive for month: August, 2020

For the first time, researchers have shown that using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can effectively identify bone marrow cancer (myelofibrosis) in an experimental model. The finding may change the way this disease is diagnosed which is now through invasive bone marrow biopsies.
Myelofibrosis is a slow evolving condition hallmarked by increased myeloid cells and in the case of primary myelofibrosis, with an excessive number of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes. The pathology also is characterized by structural abnormality of the bone marrow matrix, which at end-stage manifests in excessive deposition of reticulin fibres and cross-linked collagen in the bone marrow, suppression of normal blood cell development and bone marrow failure. Currently the diagnosis is made via an invasive bone marrow biopsy and histophatology to assess cellularity and reticulin deposition in the marrow.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) led by Katya Ravid, PhD, designed and tested whether a T2-weighted MRI could detect bone marrow fibrosis in an experimental model. The group was able to show that an MRI could detect a pre-fibrotic state of the disease with a clear bright signal, as well as progressive myelofibrosis. The investigators proposed that the abundance of large megakaryocytes contribute to the signal, since in T2-weighted MR-images, increased water/proton content, as in increased cellularity, yield high (bright) MR-signal intensity.
This is the first study to evaluate a T2-weighted MRI in an experimental model of myelofibrosis with examination of potential sources of the MRI signal, researchers said. “Our study provides proof-of-concept that this non-invasive modality can detect pre-fibrotic stages of the disease,” said Ravid, professor of medicine and biochemistry at BUSM. “It is intriguing to speculate that future pre-biopsy MRI of the human pathology might guide in some cases decisions on if and where to biopsy,” she added.

Boston University School of Medicinehttp://tinyurl.com/y74qq8pv

Siemens Healthineers is joining forces with U.S.-based Imricor Medical Systems, Inc. to develop an integrated solution that combines the clinical benefits of real-time MRI scans with 3D-guided cardiac ablation. MRI-compatible devices are planned to be able to translate information on cardiac conduction, morphological substrates and individual patient anatomy into better treatment outcomes. This approach will potentially enable electrophysiologists around the world to treat heart arrhythmia without radiation and to use the visualization of soft tissue information obtained through MRI for this purpose.
“We are very excited about this development partnership, since it is changing the way we look at ablation and its resulting physiological effects for higher precision and better treatment outcome,” explains Dr. Philipp Fischer, head of Cardiology at Siemens Healthineers. Steve Wedan, CEO of Imricor Medical Systems, Inc. describes the partnership’s objectives: “We are thrilled to partner with Siemens Healthineers with a goal of delivering comprehensive solutions for MRI-guided ablations. Together, we look forward to providing patients and physicians with MRI-compatible devices from Imricor that are fully integrated with Siemens’ iCMR-EP labs around the world. Our shared goal is to unlock the potential of interventional MRI for electrophysiology by providing better, faster, and less expensive treatment options.”
Electrophysiology is one of the fastest growing fields within cardiology, especially the interventional therapy of complex arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation (AFib/AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). The intervention itself involves inserting a special catheter into the heart to treat a cardiac conduction defect, a complex procedure in which optimum imaging is essential. “This partnership is planned to help us better translate patients’ individual pathophysiology into personalized treatment approaches. MRI guidance will not only minimize radiation exposure to patients and EP staff. This technology will enable more detailed insights into the target anatomy and tissue properties, and holds the potential to improve clinical outcomes in arrhythmia therapy,” explains Dr. Christoph Zindel, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Siemens Healthineers. “Together with our partner Imricor, we are committed to further developing EP solutions for the benefit of the rising population of arrhythmia patients”.
www.siemens.com/healthineers         www.imricor.com

From September 6 – 8, 2017, the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center in Bangkok will again host MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND, 8th International Exhibition on Hospital, Diagnostic, Pharmaceutical, Medical & Rehabilitation Equipment & Supplies.

This year’s edition is set to be its largest, with more than 700 international exhibitors expected. A total of 17 national and country pavilions will present more than 5,000 state-of-the-art medical and healthcare products, equipment and solutions to a targeted audience of 10,000 medical and healthcare professionals. For the first time, Russia, India and the European Union will have country group exhibits at MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND.
 
Organized by Messe Düsseldorf Asia, the subsidiary of Messe Düsseldorf in Germany, MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND 2017 is part of the company’s “World of Medica” portfolio. 
The trade fair is the ideal platform for the dynamic marketplace of Thailand and Southeast Asia. Since its start in 2003, MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND has developed into the region’s No. 1 medical and healthcare event. With every event, the international participation is increasing, reflecting the growth of Thailand and the Southeast Asian region’s medical and healthcare industry.  Leading the first participation at the exhibition with an official Indian national pavilion, Mr. Rajiv Nath from the Forum Coordinator for the Association of Indian Medical Device Industry (AiMED) commented: “MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND 2017 provides Indian companies with an unparalleled opportunity to leverage on the potential of Southeast Asia’s booming medical and healthcare industry. We are excited to be leading our members to this biggest regional platform, to connect and create strong bonds with businesses from around the region and all over the world.” Also debuting at MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND 2017 will be the European Union pavilion. Dr. Michael Pulch, Ambassador, European Union Delegation to Singapore, stated: “This presents an excellent opportunity for European companies specializing in healthcare and medical technologies. As Thailand is one of the leading Southeast Asian countries in the medical technologies industry, the participation of companies from the European Union at MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND 2017 will allow them to reach, connect and network with the right audience.”

Gernot Ringling, Managing Director of Messe Düsseldorf Asia, added: “With Thailand’s dynamic positioning as a leading medical and healthcare hub, which is being further enhanced as the country goes into full gear with Thailand 4.0, value creation and innovation will take centre stage. MEDICAL FAIR THAILAND 2017 will focus on rehabilitative care and connected healthcare, such as digital healthcare equipment and solutions as well as wearable technologies that are rapidly transforming the market. The technologies and innovations on display will contribute to the exhibition’s success as the most important resource and business platform for both international and regional suppliers from the medical and healthcare sectors, bringing together a truly global showcase of the best medical and healthcare devices, services and innovative solutions for both in-and out-patient and rehabilitative care.”

Thailand 4.0, as an economic model, is aiming to transform Thailand into an innovation-driven economy achieving upper-income status – with an emphasis on promoting technology, creativity and innovation in focused industries and changing from a production-based to a service-based economy. The medical and healthcare sectors have been selected alongside ten target industries as growth engines where additional policies will encourage further investment and development in the near future.
 
The exhibits will be complemented by an informative ancillary programme. The Advanced Rehab Technology Conference (ARTeC) 2017 on September 6 & 7 will focus on the theme of “Robotics for Mobility: Quality of Life for the Ageing World.” The conference will explore a series of topics on robotic rehabilitation from analysis to design and intervention, robots for balance and gait training and a symposium on locomotion robotic training for neurorehabilitation. Renowned leaders and industry experts from the U.S., Japan, Singapore and Thailand will participate, including Hermano Igo Krebs, Principal Research Scientist from the Mechanical Engineering Department at MIT. The two-day conference is jointly organized by the Royal College of Physiatrists of Thailand, the Thai Rehabilitation Medicine Association and Messe Düsseldorf Asia. The Dysphagia workshop on September 7 will address difficulties in swallowing – particularly for the elderly and offer evaluation and management programmes, indirect therapies and future rehabilitation treatments.

In addition, comprehensive and user-friendly business matching services dedicated to helping businesses identify and screen potential partners will be available for all exhibitors and visitors to find new partners and suppliers. This free service is particularly useful for companies looking to expand their business in the Southeast Asian region or to connect with international companies.

In the last decade, mounting evidence has linked seizure-like activity in the brain to some of the cognitive decline seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease have an increased risk of epilepsy and nearly half may experience subclinical epileptic activity – disrupted electrical activity in the brain that doesn’t result in a seizure but which can be measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) or other brain scan technology.
In a recent feasibility study, clinician-scientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) tested an anti-epileptic drug for its potential impact on the brain activity of patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease. The team, led by Daniel Z. Press, MD, of the Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation at BIDMC, documented changes in patients’ EEGs that suggest the drug could have a beneficial effect.
“In the field of Alzheimer’s disease research, there has been a major search for drugs to slow its progression,” said Press, an Instructor of Neurology in the Cognitive Neurology Unit at BIDMC and an Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. “If this abnormal electrical activity is leading to more damage, then suppressing it could potentially slow the progression of the disease.”
In this double-blind within-subject study, a small group of patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease visited BIDMC three times. At each visit, patients were given a baseline (EEG) to measure the electrical activity in the brain. Next, patients were given injections containing either inactive placebo or the anti-seizure drug levetiracetam, at either a low dose (2.5 mg/kg) or a higher dose (7.5 mg/kg). Neither patients nor medical professionals knew which injections patients were receiving, but each patient eventually got one of each type, in a random order.
After receiving the injection, patients underwent another EEG, then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – which measures blood flow in the brain, another way to quantify brain activity and determine where in the brain it is taking place. Finally, patients took a standardized cognitive test, designed to measure memory, executive functioning, naming, visuospatial ability and semantic function – capabilities all affected by Alzheimer’s disease.
In the seven patients able to complete the study protocol successfully, Press and colleagues analysed changes in their EEGs. (Blood flow analysis from the MRI data is still underway.) Overall, higher doses of the anti-seizure drug appeared to normalize abnormalities seen in the patients’ EEG profiles. That is, researchers saw overall increases in brain wave frequencies that had been abnormally low in Alzheimer’s disease patients prior to receiving the higher dose of levetiracetam, and, likewise, saw decreases in those that had been abnormally high.
“It’s worth noting, we did not demonstrate any improvement in cognitive function after a single dose of medication in this study,” said Press. “It’s too early to use the drug widely, but we’re preparing for a larger, longer study.”

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
www.bidmc.org/News/PRLandingPage/2017/June/Press-Anti-Epilepsy-Alzheimers.aspx

Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), in collaboration with colleagues from Heidelberg University Hospital, have been able to visualize brain cancer using a novel MRI method. They use a simple sugar solution instead of conventional contrast agents, which can have side effects in the body.
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast agents are used to enhance the imaging of tissue structures. While they enhance signals in blood vessels and in spaces between cells, they do not reach the interior of the cell. By contrast, glucose is taken up and then broken down in the body cells. Tumour cells are particularly hungry for glucose in order to feed their high energy needs. By observing glucose metabolism activity it may therefore be possible to identify solid tumours or very aggressively growing tumour areas. Radiologists and physicists from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) in Heidelberg have now succeeded in employing this novel type of imaging.
Conventional MRI is based on measuring the signals from protons in water. Since over 60 percent of our body is made up of water, this delivers a clear picture. Glucose is found at much lower levels in our body. In order to make it visible, the DKFZ researchers are therefore using an ultrahigh field scanner with 7 Tesla magnetic field strength and a special method to reinforce the glucose signal distinctly and selectively. This makes it possible to obtain sufficient signal strength in order to visualize changes in glucose levels in brain tissue after injection of a glucose solution.
The underlying physical principle of this method is called magnetization transfer effect. While this effect has been known for decades, it hasn’t been possible so far to use it for glucose imaging in humans. In magnetization transfer, the signal from glucose protons is transferred to bodily water, which is measured in MRI. The effect is proportional to the local glucose level, thus reflecting regional changes in glucose levels. The amount of glucose needed for glucose measuring corresponds to about five sugar cubes.
In the present work, physicist Patrick Schuenke and physician and physicist Daniel Paech have been able to observe the changes of glucose signals in healthy brain regions as well as pathogenic changes in human brain cancer.
For decades now, scientists have used another measuring method, called positron emission tomography (PET), to visualize elevated glucose uptake in tumours. However, this method requires radioactively labelled glucose molecules. "Our glucose MRI does not require any radioactivity and therefore does not involve any radiation exposure for the patient," said Paech, who is the first author of the publication.

The German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ)
www.dkfz.de/en/presse/pressemitteilungen/2017/dkfz-pm-17-35-MRI-without-contrast-agents-with-sugar.php