Carnegie Mellon University researchers have developed a new method for delivering chemotherapy nanodrugs that increases their bioavailability and reduces side effects. Their study shows that administering an FDA-approved nutrition source prior to chemotherapy can reduce the amount of the toxic drugs that settle in the spleen, liver and kidneys.
Nanodrugs \u2014 drugs attached to tiny biocompatible particles \u2014 show great promise in the treatment of a number of diseases, including cancer. Delivery of these drugs, however, is not very efficient \u2014 only about 0.7 percent of chemotherapy nanodrugs reach their target tumour cells. The remainder are absorbed by other cells, including those in the liver, spleen and kidneys. When the drugs build up in these organs, they cause toxicity and side-effects that negatively impact a patient\u2019s quality of life.
Chien Ho, professor of biological sciences at Carnegie Mellon, and his colleagues have developed a novel way to improve delivery of chemotherapy nanodrugs by using Intralipid, an FDA-approved nutrition source to temporarily blunt the reticuloendothelial system \u2014 a network of cells and tissues found throughout the body, including in the blood, lymph nodes, spleen and liver, that play an important role in the immune system.
Ho and colleagues tested their technique in a rat model of cancer using three FDA-approved chemotherapy nanodrugs, Abraxane, Marqibo and Onivyde, and one experimental platinum-based anti-cancer nanodrug. In the study, they administered Intralipid one hour before giving the animal a chemotherapy nanodrug. They found their method reduced the amount of the drug found in the liver, spleen and kidneys and reduced the drugs\u2019 toxic side-effects. They also found more of the drug was available to attack tumour cells. Additionally, the Intralipid treatment had no harmful impact on tumour growth or drug efficacy.
The researchers believe their drug delivery methodology can be applied to a variety of nanodrugs without any modifications to the drugs.
\u201cThis methodology could have a major impact in the delivery of nanodrugs not only for patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer treatment but also to those being treated with nanodrugs for other conditions,\u201d Ho said.
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